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美国律师职业道德考试提纲


MPRE (职业道德考试) 概述

MPRE (职业道德考试) 的目的是检验考生对律师职业标准的认识和理解,而不是衡量个人的道德情操。律师可以从事多种职业,例如:法官、辩护人、法律顾问等。同时,律师也要接受相应的纪律和程序的约束。这些管理律师的法律主要基于美国律师协会(ABA)的执业规则和司法规则、宪法决议、联邦、州的主要案件和程序证据法中的一般原则。

在美国的大部分州。要获得职业资格,都必须通过MPRE。通过的分数线由各州划定,目前介于75到86分之间。加州最低的MPRE标准通过分数为86分;纽约最低的MPRE标准通过分数为85分。

MPRE有60道单选题组成,另外还有10道用于考试中心复查的题目,要求考生根据考试的要求答题。整个考试要求在125分钟内完成。

MPRE每年举行3次。在报名的正常期限前报名,考试费用为60美元。在正常期限后,最后期限前报名,考试费用为120美元。所交的费用一律不予退款。MPRE的成绩在考试后5周左右公布。

考试时间

正常报名期限

最后报名期限

2012年3月6日,星期六

2012年1月26日

2012年2月11日

2012年8月6日,星期五

2012年6月29日

2012年7月15日

2012年11月6日,星期六

2012年9月28日

2012年10月14日


在线报名必须在上述的报名期限的美国中部时间凌晨12时之前完成。
纸质申请必须在上述报名期限的美国中部时间下午5时前寄到MPRE考试申请部。

MPRE中关于司法道德方面的考题主要考察对ABA Model Code of Judicial Conduct (CJC)的应用,关于律师纪律方面的考题以ABA Model Rules of Professional Conduct (MRPC)为标准。其他题目主要是考察对美国法律职业管理的一般性规定、原则和联邦法律的理解,这些题目的正确答案以相关的重大案件、法令或法规为准。


MPRE的考试提纲

1. Regulation of the Legal Profession (8-12%)
  • Inherent Powers of Courts to Regulate Lawyers
  • Admission to the Profession
  • Regulation after Admission
  • Maintaining Professional Standards--Peer Responsibility
  • Unauthorized Practice of Law
  • Fee Division with a Non-Lawyer
  • Law Firm and Other Forms of Practice
  • Contractual Restrictions on Practice
2. The Client-Lawyer Relationship (10-14%)
   Acceptance or Rejection of Clients
  • Scope, Objective, and Means of the Representation
  • Within the Bounds of the Law
  • Withdrawal
  • Client-Lawyer Contracts
  • Fees
3. Privilege and Confidentiality (6-10%)
   Lawyer-Client Privilege and the Work Product Doctrine
  • Professional Obligation of Confidentiality
  • Client-Authorized Disclosure
  • Exceptions to Confidentiality
  • Special Problems
4. Independent Professional Judgment--Conflicts of Interest (12-16%)
   As Affected by Lawyer's Personal Interest
  • Lawyer as Witness
  • Acquiring an Interest in Litigation
  • Entering into Business Transactions with Client
  • Conflicting Interests--Prospective Clients, Current Clients and Former Clients
  • Influence by Persons Other than Client
  • Imputed Disqualification
  • Lawyer's Service as Arbitrator, Mediator, or Judge
5. Competence, Legal Malpractice, and Other Civil Liability (8-12%)
   Civil Liability, Including Malpractice
  • Maintaining Competence
  • Acceptance of Employment
  • Exercise of Diligence and Care
  • Limiting Liability for Malpractice
6. Litigation and Other Forms of Advocacy (12-16%)
   Authority to Act for Client
  • Civility, Courtesy, and Decorum
  • Conduct in the Course of Litigation--Claims, Defenses, Testimony, and Evidence
  • Client Fraud and Perjury by a Client or Witness
  • Communications in Course of Representation
7. Different Roles of the Lawyer (4-8%)
   Lawyer as Advisor
  • Lawyer as Evaluator
  • Lawyer as Negotiator
  • Lawyer as Arbitrator, Mediator, or Other Third-Party Neutral
  • Special Obligations of the Lawyer in Public Service
  • Appearances before Legislative Bodies
8. Safekeeping Property and Funds of Clients and Others (4-8%)
   Lawyer as Trustee of Funds of Client or Third Persons
  • Lawyer as Custodian of Property of Client or Third Persons
  • Disputed Claims
9. Communication About Legal Services (6-10%)
   Public Communications about Services
  • Referrals
  • Group Legal Services
  • Direct Contact With Prospective Clients (Solicitation)
  • Fields of Practice--Limitations of Practice and Specialization
10. Lawyers and the Legal System (2-6%)
    Lawyer Activity in Improving the Legal System
  • Impropriety Incident to Public Service
11. Judicial Ethics (6-10%)
    Duty to Uphold the Integrity and Independence of the Judiciary
  • Duty to Avoid Impropriety and the Appearance of Impropriety
  • Duties of Impartiality and Diligence
  • Activities to Improve the Legal System
  • Extra-Judicial Activities
  • Political Activity of Judges
  • Candidate for Judicial Office